Developing Story
China Shock 3.0
Economist Alicia Garcia-Herrero warns of a coming "China shock 3.0" driven by Chinese exports of AI, biotech, and robotics, which she says could be more disruptive than earlier waves of Chinese manufacturing competition.
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## Overview
Economist Alicia Garcia-Herrero, senior fellow at Bruegel and chief economist for Asia-Pacific at Natixis, says the world is at "the starting point" of a third wave of disruptive Chinese export competition — a "China shock 3.0" — this time driven by exports of artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and robots rather than low-cost manufactured goods (SCMP, October 14).
## Context
The term references the original "China shock" of the 2000s-2010s, when Chinese manufacturing exports displaced manufacturing jobs in developed economies. Garcia-Herrero argues this new wave, centered on advanced technology sectors, could hit harder than prior waves (SCMP, October 14).
## Why This Matters
This is a framing concept likely to recur in discussions of trade policy, industrial strategy, and US/EU responses to Chinese technological competitiveness in AI, biotech, and robotics — relevant to policymakers, investors, and companies assessing competitive and regulatory exposure to Chinese tech exports.